What is the function of the seed coat in a seed
The correct answer and explanation is:
The seed coat is the outer protective layer that surrounds a seed. Its main function is to protect the seed from physical damage, dehydration, and infection by pathogens such as bacteria and fungi. It acts as a barrier, ensuring that the delicate embryonic plant inside remains safe until conditions are favorable for germination.
The seed coat is formed from the integuments of the ovule, which harden and develop into a tough covering. This protective layer can vary in thickness and texture depending on the plant species. For some seeds, the coat is very hard and thick, which helps prevent damage from animals or harsh environmental conditions. For others, it is thinner and more flexible.
Besides physical protection, the seed coat plays a role in regulating water uptake. It controls when and how much water enters the seed. Proper water absorption is essential for activating the seed’s metabolic processes that lead to germination. The seed coat may also help prevent premature germination by blocking water or oxygen until the seed is in a suitable environment.
In addition, the seed coat can contribute to seed dispersal. In some plants, the seed coat has features such as hooks, wings, or sticky surfaces that allow the seed to attach to animals or be carried by wind or water to new locations. This increases the chances of the seed finding a suitable place to grow.
Overall, the seed coat is vital for the survival and successful reproduction of plants. It ensures the seed remains viable during periods of dormancy and protects it until germination can occur. The strength, impermeability, and adaptations of the seed coat reflect the environment and dispersal strategies of the plant species.