What is a hydrocarbon?
The correct answer and explanation is:
Correct Answer:
A hydrocarbon is an organic compound made up exclusively of hydrogen and carbon atoms.
Explanation (300 words):
Hydrocarbons are the simplest type of organic compounds and serve as the foundation for more complex molecules. They consist solely of two elements: carbon (C) and hydrogen (H). Because carbon atoms can form four covalent bonds, they can create chains, rings, or even branched structures by bonding with other carbon atoms and hydrogen.
Hydrocarbons are categorized into four main types based on the types of bonds between carbon atoms:
- Alkanes (saturated hydrocarbons):
These have only single bonds between carbon atoms. They are called “saturated” because each carbon is bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible. Example: Methane (CH₄), Ethane (C₂H₆). - Alkenes (unsaturated hydrocarbons):
These contain at least one double bond between two carbon atoms. Example: Ethene (C₂H₄). - Alkynes (unsaturated hydrocarbons):
These contain at least one triple bond between carbon atoms. Example: Ethyne (C₂H₂), also known as acetylene. - Aromatic hydrocarbons:
These have a ring structure with alternating single and double bonds, like benzene (C₆H₆).
Hydrocarbons are important because they are the primary constituents of fossil fuels like natural gas, gasoline, diesel, and coal. When burned, hydrocarbons release energy, making them vital to transportation, electricity generation, and heating.
However, burning hydrocarbons also releases carbon dioxide (CO₂), a greenhouse gas linked to climate change. As a result, scientists are actively seeking alternative, cleaner energy sources.
Hydrocarbons are also building blocks for many products such as plastics, lubricants, and synthetic fibers. Their chemical versatility makes them fundamental to organic chemistry and the chemical industry.