What happens to the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood when the new cells that were created by EPO are released?
The correct answer and explanation is:
Correct Answer:
The oxygen carrying capacity of the blood increases when the new cells created by EPO are released.
Explanation:
Erythropoietin, commonly known as EPO, is a hormone mainly produced by the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels in the body. Its primary function is to stimulate the production of red blood cells (RBCs) in the bone marrow. Red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body using a protein called hemoglobin.
When EPO levels rise, the bone marrow responds by increasing the production of red blood cells. These newly formed cells take about a week to mature and enter the bloodstream. Once released, the fresh red blood cells increase the total number of cells available to carry oxygen. As a result, the blood’s ability to transport oxygen improves significantly. This effect is beneficial especially in situations like anemia, blood loss, or low oxygen environments such as high altitudes.
The more red blood cells available in circulation, the more oxygen can be bound and delivered to tissues. This ensures that vital organs and muscles receive enough oxygen to function efficiently. In athletes, for instance, this process can enhance endurance, which is why synthetic EPO is sometimes misused in sports, although such use is illegal and dangerous.
It is important to note that while increasing red blood cell production boosts oxygen delivery, excessive levels can cause blood to become too thick. This can increase the risk of blood clots, strokes, or heart attacks. Therefore, the process must be carefully regulated by the body or monitored medically if EPO is administered therapeutically.
In summary, the release of new red blood cells in response to EPO increases the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood, improving oxygen delivery to tissues and enhancing overall function.