What are the three basic processes involved in human memory (30 pts)? b. What are the three stages of memory according to the three-stage model of memory and what occurs during each stage of memory (20 pts)? How does information get passed from one stage to the next (e.g., attention allows information stored in sensory memory to be processed in working memory; 10 pts)? c. Describe the process of memory retrieval and discuss how this process can produce unreliable memories (40 pts).c
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
a. What are the three basic processes involved in human memory (30 pts)?
The three basic processes involved in human memory are encoding, storage, and retrieval.
Explanation:
Encoding is the process of converting information into a form that can be entered and retained in the memory system. It involves taking in information through the senses and transforming it into mental representations. For example, when you read a sentence, your brain encodes the words into meanings you can understand.
Storage refers to the process of maintaining encoded information over time. This can be short-term or long-term depending on how deeply the information is processed. Short-term storage holds limited information for brief periods, while long-term storage can retain information for years.
Retrieval is the process of accessing stored information when it is needed. This allows us to bring information back into conscious awareness. Successful retrieval depends on how the information was encoded and stored, as well as the context or cues available during recall.
b. What are the three stages of memory according to the three-stage model (20 pts)?
The three stages are sensory memory, short-term memory (also called working memory), and long-term memory.
Explanation (10 pts on transfer between stages):
Sensory memory holds incoming sensory information for a very brief time, typically a few seconds. When attention is given to sensory input, the information is transferred to short-term memory, where it is consciously processed. If the information is rehearsed or deeply processed, it moves into long-term memory for extended storage.
c. Describe the process of memory retrieval and how it can produce unreliable memories (40 pts):
Memory retrieval involves accessing stored information. However, it can become distorted due to factors like suggestion, emotions, stress, or the passage of time. People may fill in memory gaps with assumptions or false details. This makes memory flexible but sometimes inaccurate. Misinformation and leading questions can also influence recall, leading to unreliable or even false memories.
