What are GMOs? Give some examples of how biotechnology has been used to help people.
The correct answer and explanation is:
Correct Answer:
GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms) are organisms—plants, animals, or microorganisms—whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. Biotechnology has been used to help people through applications such as improving crop yields, creating medicines like insulin, and developing disease-resistant plants.
300-Word Explanation:
GMOs, or Genetically Modified Organisms, are living organisms whose DNA has been modified in a laboratory using genetic engineering techniques. This process involves inserting, deleting, or altering genes to give the organism new traits. Unlike traditional breeding, which relies on crossing similar species over time, GMOs are created through precise and targeted modifications.
Biotechnology—the use of living organisms or systems to develop products—has allowed scientists to use GMOs in various beneficial ways. One of the most important areas is agriculture. For example, genetically modified crops like Bt corn and Roundup Ready soybeans are designed to resist pests and tolerate herbicides. This reduces the need for chemical pesticides and increases food production.
Another significant application is in medicine. One of the earliest successes of biotechnology was the creation of synthetic insulin for people with diabetes. Before biotechnology, insulin was harvested from animals, which was less efficient and more likely to cause allergic reactions. Today, human insulin is produced by genetically modified bacteria, providing a safer and more reliable supply.
Golden Rice is another example of biotechnology helping people. It’s a type of rice genetically modified to produce beta-carotene, a source of vitamin A. This has the potential to prevent vitamin A deficiency, which causes blindness and death in many developing countries.
GMOs are also used in environmental science, such as creating bacteria that clean up oil spills or toxic waste. Although GMOs have sparked debate around safety and ethics, regulatory agencies around the world monitor them to ensure they are safe for humans and the environment. Overall, biotechnology and GMOs continue to play a vital role in improving health, agriculture, and sustainability.