The primary treatment currently available for ischemic stroke is _. a. oxygen b. magnesium sulfate administered intravenously c. thrombolytic therapy d. mannitol
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is c. thrombolytic therapy.
Thrombolytic therapy, particularly the use of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), is the primary treatment for ischemic stroke. Ischemic strokes occur when a blood clot obstructs blood flow to a part of the brain, leading to a shortage of oxygen and nutrients. The goal of thrombolytic therapy is to dissolve the clot and restore normal blood flow, which can prevent further damage to the brain.
Thrombolytic therapy is typically most effective when administered within a few hours of the onset of stroke symptoms, usually within a 4.5-hour window. The tPA works by breaking down the clot, allowing blood to flow again to the affected brain area. However, the treatment carries some risks, such as bleeding, especially if administered too late or in patients with certain contraindications like recent surgery or a history of bleeding disorders.
Other treatment options, such as oxygen therapy, may be used in conjunction with thrombolytics to ensure adequate oxygen levels in the blood, but they are not the primary treatments for ischemic stroke. Magnesium sulfate is sometimes used in research settings, but it is not a standard treatment. Mannitol, a drug used to reduce brain swelling, may be administered in cases of cerebral edema but is not specifically for treating ischemic stroke itself.
The rapid administration of thrombolytic therapy can significantly improve outcomes by reducing brain damage, which is why timely medical intervention is critical in the event of a suspected ischemic stroke. Early diagnosis and treatment increase the chances of minimizing long-term disability and improving recovery chances for the patient.