The level of observation that has to do with individual attempts to gain gratification of needs and goals through behaviors is psychological or biological or social or biopsychosocial
The correct answer and explanation is:
Correct Answer: Psychological
Explanation (300 words):
The level of observation that deals with individual attempts to gain gratification of needs and goals through behaviors is the psychological level.
The psychological level of observation focuses on the internal mental processes of an individual. This includes thoughts, emotions, motivations, desires, personality traits, and behaviors. When a person takes action to satisfy needs such as hunger, achievement, social connection, or self-esteem, these behaviors are typically guided by psychological drives and cognitive processes. For example, someone might study hard to achieve academic success (a goal), or seek companionship to fulfill the need for belonging—both actions are rooted in psychological motivation.
Let’s contrast this with the other options:
- Biological level: This involves the physical and physiological aspects of behavior, such as genetics, brain structure and function, hormones, and neurotransmitters. For example, the role of dopamine in reward-seeking behavior would fall under biology.
- Social level: This focuses on how group dynamics, culture, social norms, relationships, and societal structures influence behavior. A person might behave a certain way to conform to peer expectations or cultural standards.
- Biopsychosocial level: This is an integrative model that combines biological, psychological, and social aspects to understand human behavior more comprehensively. While it is a valid and widely used model in healthcare and psychology, it refers to a combination of factors, not a single level of observation.
Therefore, since the question emphasizes individual behavior motivated by personal goals and needs, it is best categorized under the psychological level of observation. This approach helps psychologists understand why individuals think and act the way they do, based on internal motives and mental processes.