The branch-like fibers extending in clusters from the neuron’s cell body are called:
axons.
glial fibers.
dendrites.
nodes of Ranvier.
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is dendrites.
Dendrites are the branch-like structures that extend from the neuron’s cell body. They play a crucial role in receiving signals from other neurons. These structures are typically shorter and more numerous than axons and are specialized to conduct electrical impulses towards the cell body of the neuron. The dendrites can form numerous synaptic connections with other neurons or sensory receptors, which is essential for the communication between different parts of the nervous system.
The function of dendrites is to receive chemical signals from other neurons at synapses. When a neurotransmitter is released from a neighboring neuron, it binds to receptors on the dendrites, causing a small electrical change. If enough signals are received and the electrical change reaches a certain threshold, the neuron will generate an action potential that travels down its axon to communicate with other cells.
In comparison, axons are long, slender projections that carry electrical impulses away from the cell body to other neurons or muscles. Glial fibers, on the other hand, are associated with the supporting cells in the nervous system called glial cells, which provide structural support, nourishment, and protection to neurons but do not directly transmit signals. Nodes of Ranvier are small gaps in the myelin sheath of axons that facilitate the rapid conduction of nerve impulses through a process called saltatory conduction.
In summary, dendrites are responsible for receiving signals, axons for transmitting them, and glial cells for providing support, while nodes of Ranvier enhance the efficiency of nerve signal transmission.