The argument that no behavior is inherently deviant is a fundamental premise of which theoretical tradition? a. Gendered theories b. Social Learning c. Strain d. Labeling
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is: d. Labeling
Explanation:
The argument that no behavior is inherently deviant is a fundamental premise of Labeling theory in sociology and criminology. Labeling theory focuses on how society’s reaction to certain behaviors creates deviance, rather than the behavior itself being inherently deviant.
Labeling Theory was developed in the 1960s by sociologists like Howard Becker and Edwin Lemert. It challenges the traditional view that deviance is a fixed quality of certain acts. Instead, it posits that behaviors only become deviant when they are labeled as such by society. In other words, deviance is not an intrinsic property of an action but is constructed through social processes.
Key points about Labeling Theory:
- No act is inherently deviant: What one society or group defines as deviant might be accepted or normal in another. For example, some behaviors considered criminal in one culture may be acceptable in another.
- Deviance is a social construct: It depends on the social reaction and the power of those defining the norms.
- Focus on the role of social reaction: Labeling theorists study how individuals or groups get labeled as “deviant,” “criminal,” or “outsiders” and how this label can affect their self-identity and future behavior.
- Self-fulfilling prophecy: Being labeled deviant may lead individuals to accept that label and engage further in deviant behavior because society treats them differently.
This is different from other theories:
- Gendered theories focus on how gender shapes experiences and definitions of deviance.
- Social Learning theory suggests deviance is learned through interactions with others who model or reinforce deviant behavior.
- Strain theory explains deviance as a result of the strain or pressure people feel when they cannot achieve socially accepted goals by legitimate means.
Thus, the core idea that deviance is not inherent in any act, but a product of societal labeling, clearly points to Labeling theory as the correct theoretical tradition here.