Psychologist Howard Gardner believed that the gift of compassionate empathy that sees into the heart and mind of friend and foe alike was considered
options: A) spatial intelligence. B) interpersonal intelligence. C) intrapersonal intelligence. D) musical intelligence.
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is: B) interpersonal intelligence.
Explanation:
Howard Gardner, a developmental psychologist, proposed the theory of Multiple Intelligences in 1983. According to Gardner, intelligence is not a single general ability but a set of distinct types of intelligences, each representing different ways of processing information and solving problems.
Interpersonal intelligence is the ability to understand and interact effectively with others. This includes skills such as sensing others’ feelings, motivations, intentions, and desires, and responding appropriately. People with strong interpersonal intelligence are often empathetic, socially skilled, and good communicators. They can “see into the heart and mind” of both friends and foes, which means they can understand a wide range of perspectives and emotional states.
In this context, compassionate empathy—the ability to deeply understand and share the feelings of another person, whether a friend or even an adversary—is a hallmark of interpersonal intelligence. It involves not just recognizing emotions but also responding to them with care and sensitivity.
Other options explained briefly:
- A) Spatial intelligence refers to the ability to visualize and manipulate objects in space. This intelligence is important for architects, artists, and engineers but is unrelated to empathy.
- C) Intrapersonal intelligence is the ability to understand oneself, including one’s emotions, motivations, and inner states. It involves self-awareness rather than understanding others.
- D) Musical intelligence is the ability to perceive, create, and appreciate musical patterns and rhythms, unrelated to empathy or social understanding.
Summary
Howard Gardner’s concept of interpersonal intelligence best fits the description of having compassionate empathy and the ability to see into the hearts and minds of others. This intelligence allows people to navigate social relationships with understanding and care, making it essential for leadership, counseling, teaching, and any role that requires strong social interaction skills.