match the gland with its hormone. A. calcitonin B. estradiol C. melatonin D. ACTH E. PTH 1. parathyroid 2. adenohypophysis 3. thyroid 4. pineal 5. gonad
The correct answer and explanation is:
Correct Match:
A. Calcitonin – 3. Thyroid
B. Estradiol – 5. Gonad
C. Melatonin – 4. Pineal
D. ACTH – 2. Adenohypophysis
E. PTH – 1. Parathyroid
Explanation:
Hormones are chemical messengers produced by glands that regulate physiological processes. Each gland has specific hormones it secretes based on its function and location.
Calcitonin is produced by the thyroid gland. It plays a role in regulating calcium levels in the blood by lowering blood calcium levels when they are too high. It inhibits osteoclast activity, which reduces bone resorption.
Estradiol is a primary estrogen hormone secreted mainly by the ovaries, which are classified under the gonads. It is essential for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics and regulation of the menstrual cycle. In males, it plays roles in sperm maturation and libido.
Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland, located in the brain. It is primarily involved in regulating circadian rhythms, especially the sleep-wake cycle. Its secretion is influenced by light exposure and increases during the night.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, also called the adenohypophysis. ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol, a key hormone involved in stress response, metabolism, and immune regulation.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted by the parathyroid glands. It has the opposite effect of calcitonin. PTH increases blood calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption, enhancing calcium absorption in the intestines, and promoting calcium reabsorption in the kidneys.
Understanding which hormone comes from which gland is vital for studying endocrine system function and diagnosing hormonal imbalances. Each hormone influences specific target organs, and their overproduction or underproduction can lead to various health conditions.