List and describe two advantages and two disadvantages of correlational research. In your answer. In your discussion of advantages and disadvantages, include what conclusions can be drawn and what conclusions cannot be drawn from correlations.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
Two Advantages of Correlational Research:
- Identifies Relationships Between Variables
Correlational research helps identify whether a relationship exists between two variables. For example, it can show that as stress levels increase, sleep quality tends to decrease. This kind of insight can be very helpful in early stages of research, especially when forming hypotheses for future studies. - Cost-Effective and Time-Efficient
Compared to experimental research, correlational studies are generally quicker and less expensive to conduct. Since they often use data that already exists or can be gathered through surveys and observations, researchers can study large groups of people without needing to manipulate variables.
Two Disadvantages of Correlational Research:
- Cannot Prove Causation
A major limitation of correlational research is that it cannot establish cause and effect. Even if two variables are strongly related, this does not mean one causes the other. For example, if there is a correlation between ice cream sales and drowning incidents, it does not mean ice cream causes drowning. There may be a third variable involved, such as warm weather. - Possibility of Confounding Variables
Correlational studies are vulnerable to the influence of confounding variables—factors that may affect both variables being studied. These hidden variables can create a false impression of a relationship. For example, a correlation between exercise and happiness may be influenced by a third factor such as overall health or socioeconomic status.
Conclusions That Can Be Drawn from Correlations:
Correlational research can show that a relationship exists and how strong that relationship is. It helps researchers detect patterns and generate new questions.
Conclusions That Cannot Be Drawn from Correlations:
Researchers cannot conclude that one variable causes changes in another. Without experimental control, the direction or reason for the relationship cannot be known. This is why correlation does not equal causation.
