Life reviews are BEST associated with Erikson’s _ stage of development.
A integrity vs. despair
B intimacy vs. isolation
C identity vs. role confusion
D initiative vs. guilt
The correct answer and explanation is:
Correct Answer: A. Integrity vs. Despair
Explanation (300 words):
Life reviews are best associated with Erik Erikson’s eighth and final stage of psychosocial development, known as Integrity vs. Despair, which typically occurs in late adulthood (65 years and older). During this stage, individuals reflect on their lives and evaluate whether they have lived meaningfully and fulfilled their goals and values.
A life review is a reflective process where older adults look back on their experiences, accomplishments, relationships, and decisions. This process helps them make sense of their life narrative. If they view their life as one of coherence, purpose, and contribution, they achieve a sense of integrity—a feeling of wholeness and satisfaction. This leads to wisdom, peace, and acceptance of death.
Conversely, if they feel regret, disappointment, or perceive their life as wasted or unresolved, they may experience despair. This emotional state can bring feelings of bitterness, fear of death, and a sense of missed opportunities.
The other options represent different developmental stages:
- B. Intimacy vs. Isolation (young adulthood): Focuses on forming close relationships and romantic bonds.
- C. Identity vs. Role Confusion (adolescence): Centers around exploring personal identity and developing a stable sense of self.
- D. Initiative vs. Guilt (early childhood): Involves asserting power and control through directing play and social interactions.
These earlier stages are not primarily concerned with reflecting on one’s life in its entirety. Therefore, Integrity vs. Despair is the stage most closely aligned with the concept of a life review.
In summary, life reviews serve as a core psychological task in later life, helping older adults to come to terms with their experiences and either embrace a sense of fulfillment or wrestle with regret, making Option A the most appropriate answer.