It is preferred for both the Confidence Interval and the p-Value to be quoted in literature.
The correct answer and explanation is:
Correct Answer: True
It is preferred for both the Confidence Interval (CI) and the p-value to be quoted in literature.
Explanation:
In research and scientific literature, it is important to present statistical findings clearly and comprehensively. Reporting both the confidence interval (CI) and the p-value provides a fuller picture of the results, improving interpretation and decision-making.
1. P-value:
The p-value tells us whether the observed result is statistically significant. It helps assess the likelihood that the observed effect could have occurred by chance, assuming the null hypothesis is true. For example, a p-value of less than 0.05 typically indicates statistical significance.
However, the p-value does not provide information about the size or direction of the effect, nor does it reflect the precision of the estimate. It only addresses whether an effect exists, not how meaningful it is.
2. Confidence Interval (CI):
The confidence interval, often set at 95%, provides a range of values within which the true effect size is likely to lie. It gives a sense of the magnitude and direction of the effect, as well as the uncertainty around the estimate.
For example, a 95% CI of 2.0 to 4.5 for a risk ratio suggests that we can be 95% confident the true risk lies within that range. Narrow intervals indicate more precise estimates, while wide intervals suggest greater uncertainty.
3. Why Report Both?
Quoting both the p-value and the CI:
- Enhances transparency and reproducibility.
- Helps readers evaluate both statistical and clinical significance.
- Clarifies findings, especially in cases where the p-value is borderline.
In conclusion, reporting both the p-value and the confidence interval offers a comprehensive view of study findings, improving scientific communication and decision-making in evidence-based practice.