Intelligence tests are “biased” in the sense that
A test performance is influenced by cultural experiences
B intelligence does not predict future performance
C numerical scores of intelligence serve to dehumanize individuals
D the validity of intelligence tests is close to zero
The correct answer and explanation is :
The correct answer is A: test performance is influenced by cultural experiences.
Explanation:
Intelligence tests are often considered biased because they do not always account for the cultural, social, or environmental backgrounds of individuals taking the test. Cultural bias occurs when a test measures skills, knowledge, or abilities that are more familiar or accessible to individuals from certain cultural or socioeconomic backgrounds. This means that people from different backgrounds may not have had the same exposure to the experiences or information that the test measures, which can lead to disparities in performance.
For example, many traditional intelligence tests are constructed with content that reflects the values, language, and experiences of particular cultural groups. A person from a different cultural context, who might not share those experiences, may perform poorly on the test even if they are just as capable intellectually. This creates an uneven playing field where the test does not accurately assess the true intellectual potential of all individuals. These biases can affect educational and job opportunities, reinforcing existing inequalities.
On the other hand:
- B (Intelligence does not predict future performance) is incorrect because intelligence tests, especially when combined with other data, can be predictive of future performance in academic and professional settings.
- C (Numerical scores of intelligence serve to dehumanize individuals) is a valid criticism but not the primary explanation for bias in intelligence testing. While there is an ethical concern about reducing individuals to a number, the primary issue with bias lies in how test content relates to specific groups.
- D (The validity of intelligence tests is close to zero) is also incorrect. Intelligence tests can be valid and reliable in certain contexts, but cultural bias is an issue when considering how well they apply to diverse populations.
Thus, the best answer is A, highlighting how cultural experiences shape test performance and contribute to bias.