How does subjective relativism differ from cultural relativism?
The correct answer and explanation is :
Correct Answer:
Subjective relativism and cultural relativism are both ethical theories that emphasize the role of individual or cultural perspectives in determining moral judgments, but they differ in the scope of their focus.
Explanation:
Subjective relativism and cultural relativism are both forms of relativism, a philosophical perspective that holds that truth or morality is not absolute but varies based on different perspectives. However, they differ fundamentally in their scope and application:
- Subjective Relativism:
Subjective relativism, also known as individual relativism, is the view that moral judgments are based on individual preferences or beliefs. According to this theory, what is “right” or “wrong” is determined by each person’s feelings, beliefs, or attitudes. There are no universal moral standards; rather, each individual’s perspective defines what is morally right for them. For example, one person might believe that lying is wrong, while another may see it as acceptable depending on the circumstances, and both views are considered equally valid within this framework. Subjective relativism focuses on the autonomy of the individual in making moral judgments. - Cultural Relativism:
In contrast, cultural relativism posits that moral values are shaped by and are relative to the cultural or societal context in which they exist. According to this theory, each culture has its own set of moral codes and norms, which are valid within that particular cultural framework. What is considered morally right in one culture may be viewed as immoral in another, and neither viewpoint is considered universally correct or wrong. Cultural relativism seeks to understand moral practices in their cultural context, emphasizing tolerance and the avoidance of ethnocentrism (judging another culture by the standards of one’s own culture).
Key Difference:
While subjective relativism focuses on individual beliefs and perceptions in determining morality, cultural relativism looks at collective cultural norms and values. Subjective relativism is more concerned with personal ethics, whereas cultural relativism deals with societal norms and the diversity of moral systems across different cultures.
In summary, subjective relativism is an individual-centered ethical theory, whereas cultural relativism is rooted in the values of a particular culture, with each perspective offering a different way of understanding moral truth.