How does acid rain affect the real world?
The correct answer and explanation is:
Correct Answer:
Acid rain negatively affects the real world by damaging ecosystems, corroding buildings, harming aquatic life, and affecting soil quality and plant growth.
Explanation (300 words):
Acid rain is formed when sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) are released into the atmosphere through processes like burning fossil fuels in factories, power plants, and vehicles. These gases react with water vapor, oxygen, and other chemicals in the air to form sulfuric and nitric acids. These acids then mix with rainwater and fall to the ground as acid rain.
In the natural environment, acid rain can severely affect plant life. It changes the pH level of the soil, making it more acidic. This acidity leaches away essential nutrients like calcium and magnesium, which are vital for plant growth. As a result, trees and crops become weaker and more vulnerable to disease, harsh weather, and insects. Some trees even lose their leaves or show signs of stunted growth.
Water bodies are also harmed. When acid rain flows into lakes, rivers, and streams, it lowers the pH of the water, making it too acidic for many aquatic animals. Fish eggs fail to hatch, and adult fish may die due to the toxic environment. In some cases, entire fish populations have disappeared from affected lakes.
Acid rain also damages man-made structures. Monuments, buildings, and statues made of limestone, marble, and concrete are particularly vulnerable. The acid reacts with the minerals in the stone, causing it to weaken and wear away over time. Historic landmarks have been eroded and stained due to prolonged exposure.
Human health is indirectly impacted. Although acid rain does not harm people directly, the pollutants that cause it can lead to respiratory problems such as asthma and bronchitis when inhaled.
Overall, acid rain presents serious challenges across environmental, architectural, and health systems, making it a significant concern in both urban and rural areas.