How can you differentiate between arterial, venous and capillary bleeding in the field? How does it affect treatment?
The correct answer and explanation is:
Correct Answer:
Arterial bleeding is bright red and spurts with the heartbeat. Venous bleeding is dark red and flows steadily. Capillary bleeding is slow and oozes from the wound.
Explanation:
Bleeding can be categorized based on the type of blood vessel involved: arteries, veins, or capillaries. Differentiating between them in the field is crucial because it influences the urgency and method of treatment.
Arterial bleeding comes from arteries that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart. It is characterized by bright red blood that spurts or pulses in rhythm with the heartbeat. This type of bleeding is the most dangerous because of the high pressure in arteries, which can cause rapid blood loss. Immediate action is required. Direct pressure must be applied, and if bleeding persists, a tourniquet may be necessary, especially if the injury is to a limb.
Venous bleeding originates from veins, which return blood to the heart. This blood is darker in color because it is oxygen-poor. Venous bleeding tends to flow steadily and heavily but does not spurt. Though not as forceful as arterial bleeding, it can still be life-threatening. It should be managed by applying direct pressure and elevating the affected area above heart level if possible. A pressure bandage can help maintain control once the bleeding is stabilized.
Capillary bleeding comes from the smallest blood vessels and typically occurs with superficial wounds such as abrasions. It oozes slowly and uniformly. This type of bleeding is usually not serious and often stops on its own or with minimal pressure. Cleaning the wound and covering it with a sterile dressing is generally sufficient.
Correct identification of the type of bleeding allows first responders or bystanders to apply appropriate treatment, prioritize care, and improve the chances of survival or recovery before professional medical help arrives.