Classify the following elements as main group elements, transition metals, or inner transition metals: Bi, N, Pt, Ba, Fm, Fe
The correct answer and explanation is:
Correct Answer:
- Bi (Bismuth): Main group element
- N (Nitrogen): Main group element
- Pt (Platinum): Transition metal
- Ba (Barium): Main group element
- Fm (Fermium): Inner transition metal
- Fe (Iron): Transition metal
Explanation:
Elements in the periodic table are classified based on the type of orbitals that their valence electrons occupy and their general chemical behavior. There are three broad categories: main group elements, transition metals, and inner transition metals.
Main group elements include the elements in groups 1, 2, and 13 through 18. These elements have their outermost electrons in the s or p orbitals. Examples include:
- Bi (Bismuth) is in group 15, and it is a p-block element, which makes it a main group element.
- N (Nitrogen) is also in group 15 and is a nonmetal with valence electrons in the p-orbital, so it is a main group element.
- Ba (Barium) is in group 2, the alkaline earth metals, and is an s-block element, also classified as a main group element.
Transition metals are found in groups 3 through 12. These elements have partially filled d orbitals. They often form colored compounds and can show variable oxidation states.
- Pt (Platinum) is in group 10 and is a classic transition metal due to its electron configuration and chemical properties.
- Fe (Iron) is in group 8 and is widely recognized as a transition metal. It is known for forming multiple oxidation states and is used in many alloys and biochemical processes.
Inner transition metals include the lanthanides and actinides, which are found in the f-block of the periodic table.
- Fm (Fermium) is an actinide and part of the f-block. It has electrons entering the 5f orbital, so it is classified as an inner transition metal.
This classification helps predict chemical behavior and bonding characteristics.