As Rory continues to study Ethernet, he discovers that a frame can typically be 64 to 1518 bytes of information that is converted into a series of bits before being sent out on the network. Which two protocol characteristics did Rory learn about for Ethernet?
The correct answer and explanation is:
Correct Answer:
1. Frame Size
2. Encoding
Explanation (300 words):
As Rory studies Ethernet technology, he learns about two fundamental protocol characteristics: frame size and encoding.
1. Frame Size:
The Ethernet frame size refers to the amount of data that can be encapsulated in a single frame for transmission over the network. According to the IEEE 802.3 standard, a typical Ethernet frame must be at least 64 bytes and no more than 1518 bytes. This size includes headers and trailers used for proper data delivery and error detection, not just the actual user data. The minimum size ensures that the frame can be properly detected and processed on the network, especially in environments using collision detection (like traditional Ethernet using CSMA/CD). If a frame is smaller than 64 bytes, it is considered a “runt” frame and typically discarded. Frames larger than 1518 bytes are considered “jumbo frames” only allowed in some modern network configurations, but not in standard Ethernet.
2. Encoding:
Before being transmitted over the network, Ethernet frames must be converted into a format suitable for physical transmission. This is where encoding comes in. Ethernet uses encoding schemes (such as Manchester encoding or 8b/10b encoding depending on the version and speed of Ethernet) to convert data bits into signals that can travel over the physical medium (copper, fiber, etc.). This process not only ensures that the data is transmitted reliably but also helps in synchronization and error checking. The encoded bits are what actually travel across the wire, and the receiving system must decode them back into a usable frame.
In conclusion, Rory has learned that Ethernet communication involves a well-defined frame size range and that these frames are encoded into bits for transmission. These two protocol characteristics ensure consistent, reliable data delivery across Ethernet networks.