An inflammation of tissue at the lower end of the esophagus is called __. a. esophageal varices b. hiatal hernia c. GERD d. pharyngitis
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is c. GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease).
GERD is a chronic condition where stomach acid or bile irritates the lower esophagus. This often results in inflammation and can cause various symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain, and difficulty swallowing. The inflammation in GERD typically affects the lower end of the esophagus, which is where the esophagus connects with the stomach.
The lower esophagus is lined with a mucosal membrane that can become damaged when exposed to stomach acid over time. The acid reflux, or backflow of stomach contents, occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), which normally prevents the stomach contents from flowing back, becomes weak or relaxes inappropriately. When this happens, acid can flow up into the esophagus, causing irritation, inflammation, and, if untreated, damage to the esophageal lining.
The primary symptoms of GERD include frequent heartburn, acid regurgitation, and a sour taste in the mouth. If left untreated, GERD can lead to complications such as esophagitis (inflammation of the esophagus), ulcers, bleeding, and even a condition called Barrett’s esophagus, which is a precancerous change in the esophageal lining.
The treatment of GERD often involves lifestyle changes such as avoiding certain foods, eating smaller meals, and not lying down immediately after eating. Medications such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or H2 blockers may also be prescribed to reduce stomach acid production and allow the esophagus to heal. In severe cases, surgery might be considered to strengthen the LES and prevent acid reflux.
Esophageal varices, hiatal hernia, and pharyngitis are different conditions and do not specifically cause inflammation of the tissue at the lower end of the esophagus in the way that GERD does.