An addictive drug produced by fermentation is
Group of answer choices
A congener.
B ethyl alcohol.
C acetaldehyde.
D dehydrogenase.
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is B ethyl alcohol.
Explanation:
Ethyl alcohol, also known as ethanol, is the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages such as beer, wine, and spirits. It is produced through the process of fermentation, where sugars are converted into alcohol and carbon dioxide by yeast or bacteria. This process occurs when yeast acts on the sugars found in plants such as grapes, barley, corn, and other carbohydrate-rich substances.
Ethanol is classified as a psychoactive substance, meaning it affects the brain and can lead to intoxication when consumed in large quantities. It is addictive because of its ability to affect the central nervous system, producing feelings of euphoria, relaxation, and lowered inhibitions. However, these effects are temporary, and repeated consumption can lead to physical dependence and addiction. Chronic consumption of alcohol can result in tolerance, meaning the person needs to consume more to achieve the same effects, which often leads to dependency.
The other options are not correct for the following reasons:
- A congener refers to chemical compounds that are produced during fermentation along with ethanol but are responsible for the flavor and color of alcoholic beverages. Some congeners may contribute to hangover symptoms but are not themselves addictive.
- C acetaldehyde is an intermediate product in the metabolism of ethanol. When alcohol is consumed, it is first converted into acetaldehyde, which is then further broken down into acetic acid. Acetaldehyde itself is toxic and is partially responsible for the hangover effects.
- D dehydrogenase is an enzyme that plays a key role in the breakdown of alcohol in the liver. Specifically, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) converts ethanol into acetaldehyde, but it is not a substance that is addictive.
Thus, ethanol is the substance responsible for the addictive effects associated with alcoholic beverages.