Aldosterone 1. Decreases blood pressure 2. Decreases fluid volume 3. Has no effect on fluid volume or blood pressure 4. Increases fluid volume
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is: 4. Increases fluid volume.
Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that plays a significant role in regulating fluid and electrolyte balance in the body. Its primary function is to increase sodium retention by the kidneys. When aldosterone is released, it signals the kidneys to reabsorb sodium from the urine back into the bloodstream. Sodium, being an osmotically active ion, draws water along with it. As a result, water is retained in the blood, leading to an increase in fluid volume.
Additionally, the reabsorption of sodium increases the extracellular fluid volume, which indirectly affects blood pressure. The increased sodium concentration in the blood triggers the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which further promotes water retention. This combined effect leads to an increase in blood volume, and consequently, an increase in blood pressure. This is particularly important in situations where the body is dehydrated or when blood pressure drops too low, such as in cases of hemorrhage or dehydration.
Aldosterone’s role in fluid balance is essential for maintaining homeostasis, particularly in regulating blood pressure. When aldosterone secretion is too high, it can lead to excessive sodium and fluid retention, contributing to conditions like hypertension. Conversely, a deficiency in aldosterone can result in dehydration, low blood pressure, and electrolyte imbalances. Therefore, aldosterone plays a key role in both fluid volume regulation and blood pressure homeostasis in the body.