According to the APA, which animals make up 90% of animal research in psychology?
The correct answer and explanation is:
The animals that make up 90% of animal research in psychology are typically rodents, specifically rats and mice. These animals are commonly used in psychological research because of their similarities to humans in terms of basic biological functions, their genetic similarity to humans, and their manageable size and lifespan. They are cost-effective, easy to handle, and reproduce quickly, making them ideal for longitudinal studies.
Rodents are particularly useful in experiments that explore behavior, brain function, memory, learning, and various psychological conditions such as anxiety and depression. Their brains, while different from humans, share many of the same structures and processes, making them valuable models for understanding human psychology and neurological disorders.
In addition to rodents, other animals like rabbits, guinea pigs, and primates have also been used in psychological research. However, their use is far less frequent compared to rodents due to ethical concerns, cost, and logistical challenges. The use of non-human primates, in particular, has raised significant ethical debates about animal welfare and the necessity of such research.
Psychological researchers must follow ethical guidelines when conducting animal research, including obtaining approval from institutional review boards and ensuring the humane treatment of animals. The American Psychological Association (APA) advocates for the minimization of animal suffering and encourages researchers to seek alternatives to animal testing when possible. Despite the ethical concerns, animal research has been crucial in advancing psychological science, offering insights into brain function, the development of treatments for psychological disorders, and the understanding of human behavior.
In conclusion, rats and mice make up the majority of animal research subjects in psychology due to their practical advantages in research, although ethical considerations continue to shape how and when they are used in studies.