According to natural law theory, discovering the essence of human nature is
The correct answer and explanation is:
According to natural law theory, discovering the essence of human nature is essential because it provides the foundation for understanding what is morally right and wrong. Natural law holds that certain rights and ethical standards are inherent in human nature and can be discovered through reason. This philosophy suggests that human beings, through their rational capacities, can discern universal principles of justice and morality that govern human behavior.
The core idea of natural law theory, as proposed by philosophers such as Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, and others, is that there is an objective moral order present in nature. This moral order exists independent of human laws or societal conventions. The essence of human nature, therefore, is not something that is created by individuals or societies but something that can be understood through reason, reflecting the way humans are naturally inclined to live.
For example, natural law theorists argue that humans, by their nature, seek happiness, social cooperation, and survival, which are seen as intrinsic parts of being human. These natural inclinations lead to basic moral precepts, such as the respect for life, the pursuit of knowledge, and the development of social bonds. These fundamental principles should inform the laws and ethical standards of society.
Natural law theory also asserts that human beings have certain rights and duties based on their nature. These are not granted by governments but are inherent in being human. For example, the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness can be derived from an understanding of human nature.
Overall, discovering the essence of human nature, according to natural law theory, provides a moral framework that transcends cultural and historical differences. It allows for a universal standard that applies to all human beings, regardless of their circumstances.