According to Erikson, feelings of guilt occur if the preschooler: a. Is overambitious b. Is ridiculed for pretend play c. Is exploitative d. Is unable to try out new roles
The correct answer and explanation is:
Correct Answer: b. Is ridiculed for pretend play
According to Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory of development, the preschool years (around ages 3 to 5) fall under the stage called Initiative vs. Guilt. During this stage, children begin to assert power and control over their world through directing play and other social interactions. They develop a sense of initiative when encouraged to take on new tasks, make decisions, and explore through play, especially imaginative or pretend play.
Feelings of guilt arise when these efforts are discouraged or punished. If a preschooler is ridiculed for pretend play, it can lead to internal conflict. The child might begin to believe their ideas and imaginative expressions are wrong or unacceptable. This emotional response results in guilt, a negative outcome of this developmental stage. Guilt at this point stems not from moral wrongdoing, but from a fear of disapproval or failure in social roles and creativity.
Pretend play is essential because it allows children to experiment with social roles, problem-solving, and self-expression. When caregivers or peers mock or criticize this behavior, it undermines the child’s confidence. Rather than feeling capable and autonomous, the child begins to feel ashamed and hesitant to try new things in the future.
Encouragement and acceptance during this stage help foster a healthy sense of initiative. Children feel more confident in their ability to lead, plan activities, and form social bonds. On the other hand, excessive criticism or ridicule can stunt this growth, replacing initiative with hesitation, fear, and guilt.
Therefore, among the given choices, the correct answer is b. Is ridiculed for pretend play, because it directly interferes with the child’s developmental need to explore roles and build confidence.