A solid is a state of matter that has a(n)
Α. indefinite volume and an indefinite shape.
B definite volume and a definite shape.
C. definite volume and an indefinite shape.
D. indefinite volume and a definite shape.
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is B. definite volume and a definite shape.
Explanation:
A solid is one of the primary states of matter characterized by having both a definite volume and a definite shape. This means that a solid maintains its size and form regardless of the container it is in or external forces applied, as long as those forces do not exceed the solid’s structural limits.
In solids, the particles such as atoms or molecules are tightly packed together in a fixed, orderly arrangement. This close packing restricts the movement of particles to mainly vibrations in place, preventing them from flowing or changing shape easily. Because of this, solids resist deformation and maintain their own shape without needing a container to hold them.
This is different from liquids and gases. Liquids have a definite volume but an indefinite shape, meaning they take the shape of their container but do not compress easily. Gases have neither definite volume nor definite shape; they expand to fill whatever container they are in.
The strong intermolecular forces in solids keep the particles locked in place, contributing to the solid’s rigidity. Examples of solids include ice, wood, metal, and glass. Each of these substances keeps its shape unless physically altered by cutting, breaking, or melting.
Understanding solids’ definite shape and volume helps explain many everyday phenomena. For example, a book retains its shape on a shelf, and a steel beam supports weight without flowing or changing form. This physical property is essential for building structures, manufacturing products, and understanding natural materials.
In summary, solids have a fixed structure due to tightly bound particles, which results in a definite shape and volume. This property distinguishes solids from liquids and gases and underlies much of the material world’s behavior.