A client is to be NPO for several days following a surgical procedure. The nurse would anticipate which of these dietary prescriptions? a. placement of a nasogastric tube b. diet therapy c. parenteral nutrition d. enteral nutrition
The correct answer and explanation is:
Correct Answer: c. Parenteral nutrition
Explanation:
When a client is designated NPO (nothing by mouth) for several days following a surgical procedure, the body still requires nutrients to maintain metabolic functions, promote healing, and support immune function. However, because oral or gastrointestinal intake is not possible or appropriate, parenteral nutrition becomes the recommended dietary prescription.
Parenteral nutrition is a method of feeding that bypasses the gastrointestinal tract entirely. Nutrients are delivered intravenously, typically through a central venous catheter, in the form of a solution containing carbohydrates (glucose), proteins (amino acids), fats (lipids), vitamins, minerals, and electrolytes. This is often used in clients who:
- Are NPO for more than 5-7 days
- Have severe gastrointestinal disorders (e.g., obstruction, severe ileus)
- Are recovering from major abdominal surgery
- Cannot tolerate enteral feeding
Why not the other options?
- a. Placement of a nasogastric tube: While NG tubes are sometimes used for decompression or feeding, they involve use of the gastrointestinal tract. If the client is truly NPO for several days and cannot tolerate enteral intake, NG feeding is not appropriate.
- b. Diet therapy: Diet therapy refers to modifying oral intake (e.g., clear liquids, soft diets). Since the client is NPO, oral intake is contraindicated.
- d. Enteral nutrition: This involves delivering nutrition directly into the GI tract via tubes (e.g., nasogastric or PEG tubes). If the GI tract is not functional or use is contraindicated (common after some surgeries), enteral nutrition cannot be used.
Therefore, parenteral nutrition (option c) is the safest and most appropriate nutritional support method for a patient who will be NPO for several days, ensuring the body continues to receive essential nutrients during recovery.