Which of the following is likely to promote groupthink?
a Create groups that are high in cohesion
b. Regularly encourage critical thinking
c. Create subgroups to see if they independently reach the same conclusions
d. Bring in outsiders to offer their opinions
The correct answer and explanation is :
Correct answer: a. Create groups that are high in cohesion
Explanation:
Groupthink is a psychological phenomenon in which the desire for harmony or conformity in a group results in irrational or dysfunctional decision-making. Group members try to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critically evaluating alternative viewpoints. This typically leads to poor decisions, suppressed dissent, and ignored warnings about potential pitfalls.
The correct answer is (a) Create groups that are high in cohesion because highly cohesive groups are more susceptible to groupthink. Cohesion refers to the emotional bonds between group members and the group’s unity. While cohesion can promote teamwork and morale, it can also discourage disagreement if the group places a high value on solidarity and unity. Members may avoid voicing dissenting opinions to maintain harmony and avoid conflict or ostracization. This pressure to conform leads to a narrowing of thought and a deterioration in mental efficiency and moral judgment.
In contrast, the other options are strategies meant to prevent groupthink:
- (b) Regularly encourage critical thinking: Encouraging open dialogue and critical evaluation of ideas counteracts groupthink by ensuring alternative viewpoints are heard and considered. Leaders who invite disagreement and independent thinking foster healthier group dynamics.
- (c) Create subgroups to see if they independently reach the same conclusions: This tactic helps uncover blind spots in reasoning. When subgroups analyze the problem separately, they may offer different solutions, reducing the pressure to conform.
- (d) Bring in outsiders to offer their opinions: Outsiders are not influenced by the group’s internal pressures and can provide fresh perspectives. This broadens the scope of analysis and challenges potentially flawed consensus thinking.
In summary, while cohesion can have benefits, it becomes dangerous when it discourages dissent and promotes groupthink. Strategies that promote diversity of thought, critical evaluation, and outside perspectives are effective in countering this bias.