The public health nurse is analyzing the incidence of coronary disease in a community and identifies a common factor of obesity. Which upstream factor is a consideration for the incidences of obesity? a. Dependency on cars due to a suburban shift in housing b. Increased availability and preference for fast foods c. Lack of desire to change negative personal habits d. Inability to pay for weight loss support programs
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is: a. Dependency on cars due to a suburban shift in housing.
Explanation:
Upstream factors refer to the broader social, economic, and environmental conditions that influence individual and community health outcomes. These factors are often difficult to change but have significant effects on population health.
In this case, the dependency on cars due to a suburban shift in housing is an upstream factor that contributes to obesity in several ways. Suburban areas typically have less walkability and more car-dependent lifestyles compared to urban areas. This can lead to decreased physical activity, as people may rely on cars for even short trips rather than walking or biking. A lack of walkable infrastructure, like parks or sidewalks, can further limit opportunities for exercise, contributing to sedentary behaviors.
Additionally, suburban neighborhoods often have limited access to public transportation and recreational spaces, which can make it more difficult for residents to engage in physical activities like walking or cycling. As a result, people may find themselves leading more sedentary lifestyles, which, when combined with poor dietary habits, can increase the risk of obesity and other chronic conditions such as heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes.
While other factors listed, such as the increased availability and preference for fast foods or the inability to pay for weight loss support programs, are also important considerations, they are not upstream factors. These are more individual-level or downstream factors, as they are related to personal choices or immediate circumstances rather than structural or environmental conditions.
Addressing upstream factors like the built environment and access to physical activity opportunities is key to reducing obesity and improving public health. By modifying infrastructure to promote walking, cycling, and other forms of physical activity, communities can help combat obesity on a larger scale.