Humans cannot synthesize certain amino acids and must obtain them in the diet.
True
False
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is True.
Humans are classified as essential amino acid dependent organisms, meaning there are certain amino acids that they cannot synthesize on their own. These amino acids must be obtained through diet or supplements. The reason humans cannot produce these specific amino acids is due to the lack of necessary enzymes or biochemical pathways in their bodies to make them from simpler compounds. The amino acids that humans cannot synthesize are called essential amino acids.
There are nine essential amino acids in total: histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. These amino acids play vital roles in the body. For example, leucine is crucial for protein synthesis, tryptophan is a precursor to serotonin (which influences mood), and phenylalanine is important for the production of other amino acids and neurotransmitters.
In contrast, the body can synthesize the other amino acids, known as non-essential amino acids, from intermediates in various metabolic pathways. These non-essential amino acids include alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and others, which the body can produce through various chemical processes involving carbon, nitrogen, and other substrates.
While it is important for individuals to consume adequate amounts of essential amino acids from their diet, the body can store them in the form of proteins and use them as needed. The food sources that provide essential amino acids are typically complete proteins, such as meat, poultry, fish, eggs, and dairy products. For those on plant-based diets, combining various plant foods (such as beans with rice) can ensure they get all the essential amino acids.
Maintaining a balanced diet with sufficient essential amino acids is crucial for health. A deficiency in any of these amino acids can result in various health issues, such as impaired growth, muscle wasting, or immune system dysfunction.