Match each physiological condition to its causal nutrients deficiency. Vitamin D, Protein, Vitamin C
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
Here’s how the physiological conditions are matched with the corresponding nutrient deficiencies:
- Vitamin D Deficiency:
- Condition: Rickets (in children) and Osteomalacia (in adults)
- Explanation: Vitamin D is crucial for the regulation of calcium and phosphorus in the body. A deficiency leads to improper mineralization of bones, causing them to become soft and weak. In children, this results in rickets, which is characterized by bone deformities such as bowed legs. In adults, osteomalacia occurs, leading to bone pain and muscle weakness. Vitamin D is mainly obtained through sunlight, fortified foods, and certain foods like fatty fish. A lack of sufficient exposure to sunlight or inadequate dietary intake can lead to deficiency.
- Protein Deficiency:
- Condition: Kwashiorkor and Marasmus
- Explanation: Protein is essential for the growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues. A lack of sufficient protein in the diet can lead to malnutrition-related diseases such as kwashiorkor and marasmus. Kwashiorkor typically occurs when there is a severe protein deficiency but adequate calorie intake. It causes edema (swelling), irritability, an enlarged liver, and skin problems. Marasmus, on the other hand, results from both protein and calorie deficiencies, leading to extreme weight loss, muscle wasting, and weakness. These conditions are often seen in areas of poverty or famine, where protein-rich foods are scarce.
- Vitamin C Deficiency:
- Condition: Scurvy
- Explanation: Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is vital for collagen synthesis, which is necessary for the health of skin, blood vessels, and bones. A deficiency in vitamin C leads to scurvy, a condition that results in fatigue, swollen and bleeding gums, bruising, and poor wound healing. This disease was historically common among sailors who did not have access to fresh fruits and vegetables during long sea voyages. Citrus fruits, strawberries, and leafy greens are rich sources of vitamin C. The deficiency weakens the immune system and can lead to more severe complications if left untreated.
In conclusion, vitamin D, protein, and vitamin C each play essential roles in maintaining various bodily functions, and their deficiencies lead to distinct physiological conditions, each requiring proper dietary intervention.
