A fatty acid with one double bond is described as:
a. hydrogenated.
b.polyunsaturated.
monounsaturated.
d. saturated.
essential.
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is C. monounsaturated.
A fatty acid with one double bond is referred to as monounsaturated. Fatty acids are long chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms, with a carboxyl group (-COOH) at one end. The number of double bonds in the chain classifies the fatty acid into three categories: saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated.
- Monounsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFA): These fatty acids have one double bond between two carbon atoms in the carbon chain. This double bond introduces a kink or bend in the chain, which influences how the molecules pack together. Monounsaturated fats are typically liquid at room temperature and are considered healthy fats. Examples include olive oil, avocado, and canola oil.
- Saturated Fatty Acids: Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds, meaning each carbon atom in the chain is saturated with hydrogen atoms. These fats are typically solid at room temperature. Common sources include butter, animal fat, and coconut oil. Excessive consumption of saturated fats has been linked to increased cholesterol levels and heart disease.
- Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA): These contain more than one double bond in the carbon chain. They are also liquid at room temperature and are found in foods like fish, sunflower oil, and walnuts. Polyunsaturated fats, including omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, are essential fats the body cannot produce on its own and must be obtained through diet.
- Hydrogenated Fat: This refers to a process where hydrogen atoms are added to unsaturated fats, converting them into a more solid form. This process can create trans fats, which are harmful to health.
In conclusion, monounsaturated fats are beneficial for heart health, and they help to improve cholesterol levels, reduce inflammation, and provide essential nutrients for the body.