which of the following is the basis for ethical decision making frameworks? a) ethical dilemmas b) ethical values c) ethical reasoning d) ethical principles
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is d) ethical principles.
Explanation:
Ethical decision-making frameworks are based on ethical principles, which serve as fundamental guidelines to navigate complex moral situations. Ethical principles are widely accepted standards of conduct that help individuals determine what is right or wrong. These principles typically include concepts such as justice, autonomy, beneficence, and non-maleficence.
- Justice refers to fairness and treating all individuals equally. This principle emphasizes ensuring that people are given their due and that resources are distributed equitably.
- Autonomy is the principle that respects an individual’s right to make their own decisions. It is especially important in healthcare, where patients must be informed and allowed to make choices regarding their treatment.
- Beneficence involves acting in the best interest of others by promoting good and preventing harm. In ethical decision-making, it encourages taking actions that maximize positive outcomes.
- Non-maleficence emphasizes avoiding harm or injury to others. This principle is about minimizing risks and ensuring that decisions do not cause unnecessary harm.
These principles are the core components that guide individuals in assessing ethical dilemmas and making decisions that align with moral values. In practice, ethical decision-making frameworks help professionals analyze situations where there may be conflicting interests, values, or consequences. Ethical reasoning and dilemmas often arise in complex cases, but without grounding in ethical principles, it would be difficult to arrive at a consistent, justifiable conclusion.
In sum, while ethical dilemmas, values, and reasoning are integral to the process, ethical principles are the foundation upon which frameworks are built. They ensure decisions are made with respect for human dignity, fairness, and the greater good.