Which of the following accurately describes metadata?
A Metadata are used to record information about data that has been collected.
B Metadata should be standardized to ensure that data are interoperable with similar datasets.
C Metadata include multiple elements describing the context of the dataset.
D Metadata are critical to effective data sharing.
E All of the above
The correct answer and explanation is :
Correct Answer: E. All of the above
Explanation (300+ words):
Metadata, often described as “data about data,” play a crucial role in the management, interpretation, and sharing of datasets. All four options listed — A, B, C, and D — provide accurate and complementary information about metadata, which is why Option E: All of the above is the correct answer.
Option A states that “Metadata are used to record information about data that has been collected.” This is a fundamental function of metadata. Metadata provide descriptions of various aspects of the data such as the source, creator, date of collection, data format, methodology, and more. This contextual information is essential for understanding the data, especially when accessed by someone other than the original collector or creator.
Option B highlights the importance of standardization in metadata. Using standardized formats (e.g., Dublin Core, ISO 19115, or METS) ensures that metadata are structured in a way that facilitates interoperability. This means that data from different systems or sources can be easily integrated, interpreted, and compared, especially in collaborative or large-scale research projects.
Option C mentions that “Metadata include multiple elements describing the context of the dataset.” This is accurate, as metadata typically include elements such as the title, description, date, author, keywords, usage rights, and spatial and temporal coverage. This contextualization helps users understand not only the content of the dataset but also its relevance and reliability.
Option D points out that metadata are “critical to effective data sharing.” Without metadata, datasets can be ambiguous, difficult to interpret, or even unusable by others. Metadata provide the necessary documentation to make data reusable, especially for long-term preservation or open-access purposes.
In conclusion, metadata are foundational to effective data management. They enhance discoverability, usability, and reusability of data. Thus, all the statements — A through D — are accurate, making E: All of the above the correct choice.