Which of the following genera produce numerous useful antibiotics? Multiple Choice
Helicobacterium
Clostridium
Bacillus
Leuconostoc
The correct answer and explanation is:
Correct Answer: Bacillus
The genus Bacillus is known for producing numerous useful antibiotics. These are a group of rod-shaped, Gram-positive bacteria that are commonly found in soil and other natural environments. Members of this genus have been extensively studied because of their ability to produce a wide range of biologically active compounds, including antibiotics.
One of the most well-known antibiotics produced by this genus is bacitracin, which is synthesized by Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis. Bacitracin is effective against Gram-positive bacteria and is widely used in topical treatments for skin infections. Another important antibiotic from this genus is polymyxin, produced by Bacillus polymyxa. Polymyxins are especially effective against Gram-negative bacteria and are used in treating infections that are resistant to other antibiotics.
The reason Bacillus species are capable of producing antibiotics is linked to their natural survival mechanisms. In competitive environments such as soil, these bacteria use antibiotics to inhibit the growth of competing microorganisms. This defensive strategy helps them secure space and nutrients. Scientists have harnessed this natural ability to discover and mass-produce antibiotics for medical and agricultural use.
In contrast, the other genera listed do not have a significant role in antibiotic production. Helicobacterium is not a well-known genus for antibiotics and includes species like Helicobacter pylori, which is a human pathogen. Clostridium does produce some bioactive compounds, such as toxins, but is more associated with diseases like tetanus and botulism. Leuconostoc is known more for its role in fermentation and food production rather than antibiotic synthesis.
In conclusion, among the options provided, Bacillus stands out as the genus that produces many important antibiotics used in both healthcare and agriculture.