Which organism is responsible for cervical cancer? Marta is infected with a sexually transmitted disease. Diagnosis reveals that she is infected with the organism which causes cervical cancer. The organism.
The correct answer and explanation is:
The organism responsible for cervical cancer is Human Papillomavirus (HPV).
Human Papillomavirus is the most common sexually transmitted infection globally and it is the main cause of nearly all cervical cancer cases. There are more than 100 types of HPV, but only certain high-risk types, mainly HPV-16 and HPV-18, are strongly linked to cervical cancer. These high-risk types cause changes in the cervical cells, leading to precancerous lesions and, if untreated, can develop into invasive cancer over time.
HPV is spread through intimate skin-to-skin contact, most commonly during vaginal, anal, or oral sex. Many people infected with HPV have no symptoms and may clear the virus naturally within two years. However, when high-risk HPV persists, it can integrate its DNA into the host cell’s genome, disrupting normal cell-cycle control and promoting uncontrolled growth. Over several years or even decades, this uncontrolled cell growth can develop into cervical cancer if not detected and treated early.
Regular screening tests, such as the Pap smear and HPV DNA test, are essential for early detection of cell changes before they become cancerous. Vaccination against HPV is another crucial preventive measure. The HPV vaccine targets the most common high-risk types and is highly effective when given before an individual becomes sexually active.
Public health campaigns encourage vaccination for boys and girls starting as early as nine years old to maximize protection. Safe sexual practices, such as using condoms, can reduce the risk of HPV infection but do not completely prevent it because HPV can infect areas not covered by a condom. Cervical cancer remains one of the most preventable types of cancer when screening and vaccination programs are used effectively. Marta’s diagnosis indicates she has contracted HPV, highlighting the importance of prevention, regular check-ups, and early treatment to avoid progression to cervical cancer.