Benny feels intense cravings for alcohol, even though his drinking has caused major problems in his personal relationships, work productivity, and levels of achievement. Benny is exhibiting signs of
A physiological dependence.
B physical dependence.
C tolerance acceptance.
D psychological dependence.
The correct answer and explanation is:
Correct Answer: D. psychological dependence
Explanation:
Benny is showing clear signs of psychological dependence. This condition occurs when a person experiences an emotional or mental need for a substance, even if it causes harm in their life. In Benny’s case, he continues to crave alcohol intensely and uses it despite its negative effects on his relationships, work, and accomplishments. The compulsion to drink, driven by mental or emotional triggers, highlights a psychological dependency.
Psychological dependence is often marked by a strong desire or craving for the substance. It may also include anxiety, irritability, depression, or mood swings when the person cannot access the substance. This differs from physical dependence, where the body adapts to a drug, leading to tolerance (needing more of the substance to achieve the same effect) and withdrawal symptoms when it is not used. Although physical and psychological dependence often occur together, they are distinct. Benny’s scenario points more to the emotional need than physical withdrawal.
Physiological dependence, often used interchangeably with physical dependence, relates more to the body’s chemical need for the substance and withdrawal reactions. That does not seem to be Benny’s main issue, as the focus here is on his cravings and the emotional impact rather than physical symptoms.
Tolerance acceptance is not a recognized psychological or medical term in this context. Tolerance refers to the body’s reduced response to a drug over time, requiring higher doses to achieve the same effect, but the phrase “tolerance acceptance” is not used in diagnosing substance dependence.
In conclusion, Benny’s strong cravings for alcohol and his continued use despite serious negative consequences are strong indicators of psychological dependence.