What is the percentage ionic character of C-H bonding

What is the percentage ionic character of C-H bonding? (What is exactly ‘e’ in the formula? I tried computing using ‘exponential’ in the calculator but it keeps on saying syntax error.. how do i compute the formula in the calculato

The Correct Answer and Explanation is:

✅ Correct Answer:

The percentage ionic character of a C–H bond is approximately 4 percent.

📘 Explanation:

To calculate the percentage ionic character of a bond, we often use the formula derived from quantum chemistry: Percent ionic character=(1−e−0.25(Δχ)2)×100\text{Percent ionic character} = \left(1 – e^{-0.25(\Delta \chi)^2} \right) \times 100Percent ionic character=(1−e−0.25(Δχ)2)×100

Here’s what each part of the formula means:

• Δχ\Delta \chiΔχ: the electronegativity difference between the two atoms
• eee: Euler’s number (a constant approximately equal to 2.718)
• The exponent is −0.25(Δχ)2-0.25(\Delta \chi)^2−0.25(Δχ)2

🔢 Step-by-Step for C–H bond:

1. Electronegativity values (Pauling scale):
   • Carbon (C): 2.5
   • Hydrogen (H): 2.1
2. Find the electronegativity difference: Δχ=∣2.5−2.1∣=0.4\Delta \chi = |2.5 – 2.1| = 0.4Δχ=∣2.5−2.1∣=0.4
3. Plug into the formula: First compute the exponent: −0.25×(0.4)2=−0.25×0.16=−0.04-0.25 \times (0.4)^2 = -0.25 \times 0.16 = -0.04−0.25×(0.4)2=−0.25×0.16=−0.04 Now evaluate the exponential part: e−0.04≈0.9608e^{-0.04} \approx 0.9608e−0.04≈0.9608 Then: (1−0.9608)×100≈3.92%\left(1 – 0.9608\right) \times 100 \approx 3.92\%(1−0.9608)×100≈3.92% Rounded to the nearest whole number: Percentage ionic character≈4%\text{Percentage ionic character} \approx 4\%Percentage ionic character≈4%

🧮 How to Enter It in a Calculator:

1. Do not type “exponential” — instead, use the exp button.
   • For example, to enter e−0.04e^{-0.04}e−0.04, type: scssCopyEditexp(-0.04)
   • Some calculators may use: scssCopyEdite^( -0.04 )
2. Then subtract that from 1 and multiply by 100.

✍️ Summary:

• The ionic character of a C–H bond is about 4 percent, showing it is mostly covalent.
• The variable eee is Euler’s number, about 2.718. Use the exp function or exe^xex key on a calculator.
• Always square the electronegativity difference, multiply by –0.25, then take the exponential.