How did John Quincy Adams treat Native Americans?
a. He forced them to go on the Trail of Tears.
b. He overturned a treaty that was signed unfairly.
c. He formed many reservations for Native Americans to move to.
d. He made peace with many Native American nations.
The correct answer and explanation is:
Correct Answer: b. He overturned a treaty that was signed unfairly.
John Quincy Adams, the sixth president of the United States (1825–1829), had a more moderate and just approach toward Native American relations compared to many other presidents of his time. One significant action that illustrates his treatment of Native Americans was his decision to overturn the Treaty of Indian Springs, which had been unfairly negotiated.
The Treaty of Indian Springs was signed in 1825 between the federal government and a faction of the Creek Nation led by Chief William McIntosh. McIntosh, acting without the consent of the majority of the Creek people or their national council, ceded millions of acres of Creek land in present-day Georgia and Alabama to the United States. In return, McIntosh received personal payments and land. This treaty caused widespread outrage among the Creek Nation, and McIntosh was executed by his own people for violating tribal laws.
When Adams took office shortly after this event, he recognized that the treaty lacked legitimacy because it did not have the approval of the majority of the Creek people. As a result, he worked to overturn it and supported the negotiation of a new agreement. In 1826, a new treaty was signed that was more favorable to the Creek Nation. This demonstrated Adams’ commitment to fairness and legal process in dealing with Native American affairs.
Adams’ decision contrasted sharply with the harsh removal policies of later administrations. Although he did not completely oppose expansion into Native lands, he sought to do so through legal means and more equitable negotiations. His actions reflected a belief in justice and a respect for Native American sovereignty, at least more than most other leaders of his era. His efforts to undo an unjust treaty marked a rare example of federal action in favor of Native American rights during the early 19th century.