Anorexia nervosa is characterized by which of the following?
a. Undereating
b. Excessive weight gain
c. Overeating
d. An admission of hunger
e. Sedentary lifestyle
The correct answer and explanation is:
Correct Answer: a. Undereating
Anorexia nervosa is a serious psychological eating disorder primarily characterized by undereating. Individuals with anorexia nervosa severely restrict their food intake, often to the point of starvation, due to an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image. They may believe they are overweight even when they are dangerously underweight. This disorder is most common among adolescents, especially females, but it can affect people of any gender and age.
The main feature of anorexia nervosa is a refusal to maintain a minimally normal body weight. People with this condition typically eat very small amounts of food and may engage in excessive exercise to further control their weight. In extreme cases, the individual may eat nothing at all for long periods. This chronic undereating leads to numerous health problems, including muscle wasting, brittle bones, hair loss, heart complications, and in severe cases, death.
Psychologically, anorexia is linked to anxiety, depression, and obsessive behaviors. Many individuals with the disorder show perfectionistic traits and struggle with self-worth, often tying their value to their appearance or weight. Even when confronted with medical risks or severe physical symptoms, they may still deny that anything is wrong.
Treatment for anorexia nervosa often involves a combination of medical care, nutritional counseling, and psychotherapy. Early intervention significantly increases the chances of recovery. Family-based therapy has shown to be especially effective for adolescents. Recovery is possible, but it can be a long and challenging process requiring strong support from healthcare providers, family, and friends.
Understanding anorexia as a mental health disorder rather than just a problem of eating habits is essential for effective treatment and reducing the stigma that surrounds it.