What is the most abundant serum protein routinely monitored in hospitalized patients?
a. hemoglobin
b. transferrin
c. c-reactive protein
d. albumin
The correct answer and explanation is:
Correct Answer: d. albumin
Explanation:
Albumin is the most abundant serum protein and is routinely monitored in hospitalized patients. It is synthesized by the liver and plays a crucial role in maintaining oncotic pressure, which is essential for fluid balance between blood vessels and tissues. Albumin also functions as a transport protein, carrying hormones, vitamins, drugs, and ions throughout the bloodstream.
In hospitalized patients, serum albumin levels are a valuable indicator of nutritional status, liver function, and the presence of chronic diseases or acute inflammation. Low albumin levels, a condition known as hypoalbuminemia, can be caused by malnutrition, liver disease, kidney disorders such as nephrotic syndrome, burns, or systemic inflammation. In many clinical settings, a low albumin level is associated with poor prognosis and higher morbidity and mortality rates, especially in critically ill or surgical patients.
Monitoring albumin levels can help healthcare providers make informed decisions about nutritional interventions, fluid management, and treatment of underlying conditions. For example, in patients with liver cirrhosis, albumin infusions might be used to help manage ascites and maintain circulatory stability. Similarly, in intensive care settings, persistent hypoalbuminemia may prompt investigations into underlying infections, inflammation, or protein loss.
While other proteins like C-reactive protein (CRP) and transferrin are also measured for specific indications, they do not surpass albumin in terms of abundance or frequency of monitoring. CRP is mainly used to assess inflammation or infection, and transferrin is used in iron metabolism and nutritional assessments. Hemoglobin, though essential, is not a serum protein but a component of red blood cells.
In conclusion, albumin is the most abundant serum protein monitored in hospitalized patients due to its critical physiological functions and its value as a marker of health and disease.