Structures such as the lysosomes and mitochondria are collectively termed _.
microfilaments
organelles
cytosol
membranes
The correct answer and explanation is:
Correct Answer: Organelles
Structures such as the lysosomes and mitochondria are collectively termed organelles. Organelles are specialized subunits within a cell that have specific functions, much like organs in a body. Each organelle is usually enclosed within its own membrane, which separates its internal environment from the rest of the cytoplasm, allowing it to maintain specific conditions necessary for its function.
Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes. Their primary role is to break down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign substances. Lysosomes play a key role in maintaining cellular health by removing damaged organelles and preventing the buildup of harmful substances.
Mitochondria are also membrane-bound organelles, often referred to as the “powerhouses” of the cell. They generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the primary energy currency of the cell, through a process called cellular respiration. Mitochondria have a double-membrane structure and even contain their own DNA, which allows them to replicate independently within the cell.
Other examples of organelles include the nucleus, which stores genetic material; the endoplasmic reticulum, which assists in protein and lipid synthesis; and the Golgi apparatus, which modifies and packages proteins for delivery.
The term cytosol refers to the fluid component of the cytoplasm in which organelles are suspended. Microfilaments are part of the cytoskeleton, providing structural support. Membranes refer to the lipid bilayers that enclose organelles and cells.
Therefore, lysosomes and mitochondria fall under the classification of organelles due to their membrane-bound structure and specialized roles within the cell. Their functions are essential for maintaining homeostasis and allowing the cell to perform complex biological processes.