Individuals who engage in which of the following perceive stressful situations as challenges instead of threats? a. Fight of flight b. Resourcefulness c. Proactive coping d. Tend and befriend e. FawningIndividuals who engage in
The correct answer and explanation is:
Correct Answer: c. Proactive coping
Explanation (300 words):
Proactive coping is a positive and future-oriented coping strategy in which individuals actively anticipate potential stressors and take steps in advance to prevent them or mitigate their impact. Unlike reactive coping, which addresses stress after it occurs, proactive coping is based on preparation and personal growth. It is characterized by goal-setting, planning, and building up resources to handle upcoming challenges.
People who engage in proactive coping perceive stressful situations not as threats but as challenges to be met. This mindset reflects a growth-oriented attitude where the individual feels empowered and in control. Rather than feeling overwhelmed or fearful, they view obstacles as opportunities to learn, adapt, and succeed. For example, a student preparing for a difficult exam might create a study schedule well in advance, seek out additional resources, and practice time management—all of which are proactive strategies.
Proactive coping involves several components:
- Anticipation of future demands
- Planning and goal setting
- Building up internal (e.g., confidence) and external (e.g., support systems) resources
- Positive outlook toward challenges
This approach is supported by research in health psychology and behavioral science, which shows that proactive coping leads to better psychological well-being, lower levels of distress, and improved performance under pressure.
By contrast:
- Fight or flight is a reactive physiological response to immediate danger.
- Resourcefulness is a trait or ability to find quick and clever ways to overcome difficulties but doesn’t always involve proactive planning.
- Tend and befriend is a social coping response, often associated with caregiving and seeking social support.
- Fawning is a stress response where an individual seeks to appease others to avoid conflict, often rooted in trauma.
Thus, proactive coping best captures the mindset of perceiving stress as a challenge rather than a threat.