Which model of abnormality focuses on learning and the thinking that underlies behavior? humanistic-existential psychodynamic cognitive-behavioral sociocultural
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
Correct answer: cognitive-behavioral
The cognitive-behavioral model of abnormality is the approach that focuses most directly on learning and the thinking processes that underlie behavior. This model combines two main ideas. The behavioral part emphasizes that abnormal behavior is learned through experiences such as conditioning, reinforcement, or observation. The cognitive part emphasizes the role of thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes in shaping how a person feels and behaves.
In this model, abnormal behaviors are often seen as the result of faulty learning or distorted thinking. For example, a person with depression may have learned helplessness due to repeated failures and may think negatively about themselves, the world, and the future. These patterns can lead to persistent sadness and withdrawal. In the same way, someone with an anxiety disorder might learn to avoid certain situations and might think in ways that exaggerate danger or risk.
Therapies based on the cognitive-behavioral model aim to change both the behaviors and the thought patterns that contribute to psychological problems. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), one of the most widely used forms of treatment today, helps people identify and challenge negative thoughts and replace them with more realistic and helpful ones. It also helps people develop healthier behaviors through techniques like exposure therapy, behavior modification, and skills training.
Compared to other models, such as the psychodynamic model that focuses on unconscious conflicts from early life, or the humanistic-existential model that centers on self-awareness and personal growth, the cognitive-behavioral model is more structured and based on evidence from experimental psychology. It is especially effective in treating anxiety disorders, depression, phobias, and other common mental health issues.
In summary, the cognitive-behavioral model focuses on both what people have learned and how they think, offering practical methods to understand and treat abnormal behavior.
