Which sponge species (genus and species names required!) is the biggest?
The correct answer and explanation is:
The biggest sponge species is Xestospongia muta, commonly known as the giant barrel sponge.
Explanation:
Xestospongia muta is recognized as the largest sponge species in the world. It is found primarily in the Caribbean Sea, including reefs around Florida, the Bahamas, and other Caribbean islands. These sponges are notable for their massive size and characteristic barrel shape, which can reach heights of over 2 meters (about 6.5 feet) and diameters of more than 1.5 meters (around 5 feet).
Why is Xestospongia muta so large?
Sponges are simple, multicellular animals without complex organs, relying on water flow through their porous bodies to feed and breathe. The giant barrel sponge’s size allows it to filter vast amounts of water — up to 50,000 liters per day — extracting bacteria and plankton, which are its main food sources. Their large size also provides habitats and shelter for various marine organisms, contributing significantly to the biodiversity of coral reef ecosystems.
Growth and Longevity
Xestospongia muta grows very slowly, approximately 0.5 to 5 centimeters per year, and can live for hundreds of years. Some individuals have been estimated to be over 2000 years old, making them not only the biggest but also some of the oldest living animals in the ocean.
Ecological Importance
The giant barrel sponge plays an essential role in nutrient cycling within coral reefs by filtering water and recycling nutrients. Their sheer size and filtering capacity help maintain water clarity and quality, benefiting corals and other marine life.
Summary:
- Species: Xestospongia muta
- Common name: Giant barrel sponge
- Size: Up to 2 meters tall and 1.5 meters wide
- Habitat: Caribbean reefs
- Significance: Largest sponge species, slow-growing, can be very old, key ecological role in reef systems
This remarkable sponge stands out as the biggest known sponge species on Earth.