Which financial services does the Fed provide for commercial banks? I. holding reserves II. clearing checks III. providing coins and currency A. I only B. II only C. III only D. I, II, and III
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is D. I, II, and III.
Explanation:
The Federal Reserve (the Fed) provides several critical financial services to commercial banks in the United States. These services support the smooth functioning of the banking system and the broader economy. Specifically, the Fed’s services include:
I. Holding Reserves
Commercial banks are required by law to keep a certain percentage of their deposits as reserves, either as cash in their vaults or as deposits at the Fed. These reserves are crucial for maintaining liquidity and stability in the banking system. The Fed holds these reserves on behalf of commercial banks, ensuring banks have immediate access to funds if needed, and it helps the Fed manage monetary policy effectively.
II. Clearing Checks
The Fed acts as a central clearinghouse for checks and electronic payments between banks. When you deposit a check from another bank, the Fed processes this transaction by moving funds from the paying bank’s reserve account to the depositing bank’s account. This clearing service reduces the time and risk involved in interbank payments, facilitating efficient payment systems across the country.
III. Providing Coins and Currency
The Fed distributes currency and coins to commercial banks. Banks order cash from the Fed to meet their customers’ demand for physical money. The Fed also collects worn-out bills and coins from banks and replaces them with new currency to maintain the quality of money in circulation.
Summary:
The Fed serves as a “bank for banks” by holding reserves, clearing payments, and supplying physical currency. These services help maintain financial stability and liquidity, ensuring that banks can meet their obligations to customers and other financial institutions.
Thus, the Fed provides all three services listed: holding reserves, clearing checks, and providing coins and currency, making option D the correct choice.