When protein in the form of amino acids can be converted into glucose and used for energy, the process is known as a. oxidation b. gluconeogenesis c. glycogenolysis d. glycogenesis
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is b. gluconeogenesis.
Explanation:
Gluconeogenesis is the metabolic process by which glucose is synthesized from non-carbohydrate precursors, such as amino acids, lactate, and glycerol. This process mainly occurs in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the kidneys. When the body’s carbohydrate stores are low — for example, during fasting, prolonged exercise, or starvation — gluconeogenesis becomes vital to maintain adequate blood glucose levels for energy.
How amino acids contribute:
Proteins are broken down into amino acids. Some of these amino acids, called glucogenic amino acids, can be converted into intermediates that enter the gluconeogenesis pathway. These intermediates are then converted into glucose molecules. This newly produced glucose can be released into the bloodstream to provide energy for cells that depend heavily on glucose, such as brain cells and red blood cells.
Why not the other options?
- a. Oxidation: This is a general term for chemical reactions where molecules lose electrons, often releasing energy. While amino acids can be oxidized for energy, oxidation itself is not the specific process of converting amino acids into glucose.
- c. Glycogenolysis: This is the breakdown of glycogen (stored glucose) into glucose molecules. It does not involve amino acids or the creation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.
- d. Glycogenesis: This is the synthesis of glycogen from glucose for storage. It is essentially the opposite of glycogenolysis and does not involve amino acids.
Summary:
Gluconeogenesis allows the body to generate glucose from non-carbohydrate sources like amino acids, ensuring a continuous supply of energy during times when dietary glucose or glycogen stores are insufficient. This process is crucial for maintaining blood glucose homeostasis and supporting energy needs, especially for glucose-dependent tissues.