Karen Horney’s concept of “real self” refers to:
A. An individual’s true identity and core personality traits
B. Unconscious desires and fantasies that conflict with societal norms
C. Unrealistic expectations and demands imposed by others
D. Maladaptive coping mechanisms developed in response to basic anxiety
The correct answer and explanation is:
Correct Answer: A. An individual’s true identity and core personality traits
Explanation (300 words):
Karen Horney, a prominent Neo-Freudian psychoanalyst, developed the concept of the “real self” as a central idea in her theory of personality. According to Horney, the real self represents an individual’s true identity, including inherent potential, authenticity, and core personality traits. It is the genuine, spontaneous, and constructive part of a person that seeks growth, self-realization, and meaningful relationships.
In Horney’s theory, the real self is present from birth and ideally develops naturally when a person is raised in a supportive and accepting environment. However, when a child experiences basic anxiety—a deep sense of insecurity and fear resulting from a lack of warmth, safety, or affection—they may develop neurotic defenses to cope. These defenses lead to the formation of an “idealized self”, a false image that the individual strives to live up to in order to feel worthy or safe.
The idealized self is often a distortion of the real self, made up of unrealistic expectations and socially imposed “shoulds” (e.g., “I should always be perfect”). This disconnect between the real self and the idealized self results in inner conflict, anxiety, and self-alienation. Over time, the individual may lose touch with their real self, which can lead to feelings of emptiness and dissatisfaction.
Horney’s therapeutic approach aimed to help individuals reconnect with their real self by recognizing and reducing the power of the idealized self and coping strategies. The goal was to promote self-acceptance, emotional health, and personal growth.
In summary, option A is correct because Karen Horney’s “real self” refers to the individual’s true, authentic personality—the core of who a person is without distortion from external pressures or internal defenses.