The liver is divided into a right and left lobe by a peritoneal fold called the _ ligament.
The correct answer and explanation is:
Correct Answer: falciform ligament
Explanation (300 words):
The liver is the largest internal organ in the human body, located in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity beneath the diaphragm. Anatomically, the liver is divided into two main lobes — the right lobe, which is significantly larger, and the left lobe. This division is not based on the internal vascular or bile duct systems, but rather on surface anatomy.
The structure that separates these two lobes on the anterior surface of the liver is a thin, sickle-shaped fold of the peritoneum known as the falciform ligament. This ligament is a double layer of peritoneum that extends from the anterior abdominal wall to the liver, anchoring the liver in place.
The falciform ligament not only divides the right and left lobes anatomically but also contains an important remnant of fetal circulation — the ligamentum teres hepatis (also called the round ligament of the liver). This is a fibrous remnant of the umbilical vein that carried oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus.
Functionally, the liver is divided into lobes based on internal vasculature, but the falciform ligament still serves as a visible anatomical landmark. It plays no role in liver function but is important for supporting and stabilizing the liver within the abdominal cavity.
In summary, the falciform ligament is a peritoneal fold that separates the right and left anatomical lobes of the liver. It is a key anatomical feature and an important landmark for surgeons and radiologists when examining or operating on the liver.
Key terms:
- Peritoneum: Serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity
- Falciform ligament: Structure dividing right and left lobes of the liver
- Ligamentum teres: Remnant of the umbilical vein housed within the falciform ligament